Ferdinand and Miranda Essay

How does Shakespeare present the encounter between Ferdinand and Miranda from lines 450-499? The encounter between Miranda and Ferdinand in lines 450-499 of The Tempest is presented using three characters, Miranda, Ferdinand, and Prospero. Miranda and Ferdinand have fallen in love at first sight to Prospero’s delight, though he doesn’t want them to fall in love too quickly or interfere with his plans, so he lies to Miranda about Ferdinand’s unworthiness and then charms Ferdinand from moving. Miranda is presented as a helpless damsel distressed by the way her father handled this situation. â€Å"If the ill spirit have so fair a house, Good things will strive to dwell with’t† These are Miranda’s first words in these lines saying that physical beauty is a sign of proper morals and righteousness. This was an axiom during the renaissance period, hinting that she is only wise enough to state the obvious argument. After Ferdinand is charmed from moving she says, â€Å"He’s gentle and not fearful. † This sounding like she believes he is courageous, but more likely she is emphasizing his gentleness and compassion. These short interjections present Miranda as useless to the entire dispute. There are only three lines of verbal exchange between Miranda and Ferdinand, â€Å"My father is of a better nature, sir, Than he appears by speech. This is unwonted Which now came from him. † This shows Miranda’s inexperience with men as she is almost too shy to say anything at all. Ferdinand is depicted as a good-looking man, with the normal qualities that come along with royalty such as courage, and a heroic nature. â€Å"I will resist such entertainment (treatment) Till mine enemy has more power. † This expresses Ferdinand’s royal nature, as he is accustomed to overpowering all enemies. After prospero commands his attention, accuses him of falsely bearing the title of the prince of Naples, and asks for him to obey his every word, Ferdinand says, â€Å"No, as I am a man. † This explains Ferdinand is used to getting what he wants and being adored by all and has previously given out orders rather than taken them. Finally, Ferdinand gives up arguing prospero, â€Å"Might I but through my prison one a day Behold this maid† He pledges his heart to Miranda saying that he doesn’t care if he gets punished as long as he can see this girl. But both of these characters are dwarfed by Prospero’s powers and wisdom. Prospero is the centre of all talk in these lines, as both of the younger characters are pleading to Prospero to let them live out their love for one another, though neither can match the sorcerer’s power, â€Å"Come from they ward, For I can here disarm thee with this stick And make thy weapon drop. † Here is the suggestion that prospero is the mightiest of all men, as his stick can defeat any armed man. His wisdom is also expressed through the use of proverbs, â€Å"What, I say, my foot my tutor? † This asserts Prospero’s paternal control over Miranda as well as proving that prospero is a man of great intellect. All of Prospero’s ‘aside’ passages allow the audience to see through his eyes, â€Å"(aside) They are both in either’s powers, but this swift Business I must uneasy make. † Here we are told that prospero, despite the fact that he is pleased with his daughter’s love, is planning to put Ferdinand through menial tests, possibly to keep him from disturbing his plans. Seeing this passage through Prospero’s eyes gives the audience a sense that he overwhelms the others in power and wisdom. Shakespeare has made Prospero the key to the presentation of this encounter.

Ace Manufacturing Essay

Of all the topics in this course, many students find Lesson 4 to be the most frustrating. I think this may be due in part to an apparent contradiction: there are lots of numbers and equations to work with, but surprisingly little certainty in our conclusions. I share your frustrations at times. Fortunately, these cases are the only â€Å"strictly financial† case studies †¦ the only ones where number crunching is an end unto itself. However, basic financial analysis will always be an important part of our toolkit for making pricing decisions. The document which follows contains the â€Å"answers† to these two case study assignments: Ace Manufacturing and Healthy Spring Water. Despite the financial emphasis, they are similar to the previous cases insofar as they’re intentionally open-ended and somewhat vague to encourage you to draw out all of the contingencies and factors that need to be considered. They’re intended to stimulate thinking. If you feel a bit frustrated by that, it probably means they’re working. Only after you’ve identified the issues and concepts that are relevant to the questions can you start to focus your efforts on how to solve the problem. This is my answer key (of sorts) for the two assigned cases. I know  how much many of you struggled with this case and your efforts were not in vain. Having had to slog through all of the confounding complexities of financial analysis is necessary to fully prepared you for what may lie ahead in your professional endeavors. Ace Manufacturing 1. What is the relevant unit cost for making this pricing decision? There are two primary alternatives that you might consider when approaching this question. Those of you who have this type of responsibility in a â€Å"real world† context are likely to suggest that fixed costs and G&A costs should be allocated equally/proportionately across the two products. At the opposite extreme, you might have chosen to argue that the additional 30,000 units should only be required to cover the incremental costs incurred †¦ implying a relevant unit cost of $7.50. Is one of these approaches â€Å"better† or â€Å"more correct† than the other? Is one of them more realistic? More conservative? Is one approach more conventional †¦ and does being â€Å"conventional† mean it is correct? Arguing persuasively for either position †¦ or a compromise view in between the two †¦ has some merit. And †¦ I’ll certainly try to be fair in evaluating your work, but I have a bias toward being both conservative and coldly realistic. Here’s my thinking †¦ building the units requires using designs that cost money to build and tooling that the company borrowed money to purchase. These are direct fixed costs. They also require maintenance of the plant which is currently being covered by the first 150,000 units. Since incurring these costs is necessary to producing the additional 30,000 units, why shouldn’t the additional 30,000 units be required to cover a fair share of the costs? That leaves the $60,000 increase in General and Administrative Costs associated with the new production †¦ which I would treat in the same way as the increases in direct fixed costs. Does all of this â€Å"squabbling† about how and where to allocate costs make a difference? It makes a big difference in evaluating the profitability of pursuing this new account. 2. Is this business sufficiently profitable to make bidding worthwhile? Although there can be a few subtle variations on this analysis, here’s the way that the two alternative approaches to allocating costs break down: One approach (Plan A) yields a profitable outcome †¦ $2.50 per incremental unit. The other, a loss of $1.25 per incremental unit. When you look at the total dollars columns, however †¦ either scheme generates the same level of profitability – a net gain of $75,000. Confused? The notion of the incremental units covering their â€Å"fair share† of fixed costs shows a net loss resulting from this additional business, but you can’t argue with the total dollars outcome. While the additional units don’t cover their â€Å"fair share† of costs, they contribute $75,000 toward these costs – costs that would not have been covered by the original 150,000 units. In this situation, the concepts of fairness and conventional practice could obscure a profitable opportunity. Based on the financial analysis alone, the company should definitely take the new business. What other considerations are relevant? Well †¦ is there a potential downside in terms of â€Å"indirect† cannibalization and price erosion? There’s always the Walmart effect to worry about †¦ that if you sell an â€Å"incremental volume† of goods at a discount through an alternative channel, buyers may switch channels – and 10,000 units sold at discount will cannibalize 10,000 units in sales at higher margins. Another concern is that prospective buyers will use the lower-priced â€Å"inferior† product as leverage in negotiating the price of the better product. Even slight price reductions in the 150,000 of regular sales would wipe out any profitability gains from additional sales of the inferior product. A simple case study †¦ and two short questions. But appearances can be deceiving. For grading purposes, I’m looking for a thoughtful analysis of the situation †¦ a recognition that there’s more here than crunching a few numbers. A â€Å"bad answer† would be one that rejects the possibility of pursuing this account without recognizing that it is a profitable venture from a strictly financial perspective.

Gay rights in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gay rights in America - Research Paper Example The research concludes that gays find it hard to celebrate regular ceremonies of marriage and face occupational barriers. They have to face differential attitude at workplace and educational institutes and are labeled as stereotypes. The research opens a new horizon of thought for the gay rights law enforcement agencies in that extra steps should be taken to ensure their gays rights are protected just like other citizens. Gay rights have been a hot public issue in America for some last decades. The earliest known gay rights organization is the Society for Human Rights in Chicago that was established in 1924 and launched first gay rights movement. After that, the Mattachine Society was established in 1951 and there have been a number of other organizations and movements till then which support gay rights. The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) passed by Congress in 1996 protects the marriage rights of gays since there were many states which had banned gay marriages before 1996. Congress approved the law in 2010 and legalized gay marriages. When talking about gay rights, we must discuss what actually the rights that have been legalized for gays are. These include ceremonial marriages, child adoption, domestic partnership registration on public record, domestic partnership affidavit given by employers to gay employees that defines the couple’s economic relationship, health care, insurance, lawsuits, property, and the like. I predicted that although many laws and regulations have been passed to legalize and protect gay rights, still homosexuals have to face trouble in making themselves acceptable as normal citizens in America because people have stereotyped them and insult them. I also expect to find that gays find it hard to celebrate ceremonial marriages in public and also face discrimination in employment; however, I predict that they will not be facing problems in adoption, marriage registration and property transfer

Analysis Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Analysis Report - Essay Example makes it clear that the efficiency of an organization and above all its effectiveness and value addition capability to the business are the critical elements that attribute to its ability to generate revenue apart from the obvious issues of competition and supplier/demand issues. This makes it clear that in cases of issues related to revenue and profits an organization should not only address the external re-engineering principles but also focus upon the investigation internally in order to effectively achieve sustainable competitive advantage in the target market. In the light of the above arguments, this report presents a critical analysis on the six different areas of problem identified by the reviewing consultants for James Merriot Ltd. The report contains six sections each focused on a specific issue with solution an optimum solution to the problem in order to effectively re-engineer the organization to achieve market leadership in their area of business. The assessment by the consultants on the market in which the company under discussion is performing business reveals that not only competition is high but also the demand for a variety of services other than the trivial electroplating of specific devices. Since the company pioneers in the manufacture of building fittings and also in electroplating in specific areas of business like the automobile industry, it is necessary to effectively integrate the resources of the organization to increase the sales. The market development strategy is argued as the most effective strategy for an organization that has international presence and also able to increase its sales through targeting on new markets as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003). The consultants’ review makes it clear that there is great potential for the company to develop its market in the Far East as well as in the existing geography. The argument by the consultants that the market in which the company is operating does not have many

Prevention of falling for the Elderly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prevention of falling for the Elderly - Essay Example With age she has become prone to falls and along with this her impaired vision due to cataract further contributes to the risk factors. As my patient’s aunt is suffering from Osteoporosis which could be due to decreased physical activity, changes in hormone levels, deficiency of Vitamin D, a proper care in these areas can help in alleviating her conditions to a great extent. To take care of deficiency of the essential nutrients the following points need to be taken care of – The lowered physical activity in the elderly can lead to reduced strength, muscle problems and loss of flexibility and bone mass. This increases the risk of falls and to prevent it the following points need consideration- She can be engaged in regular exercises as this will increase the strength of her bones and muscles and will also work towards improving her flexibility and balance. As an alternative she can also go on regular walks. It is common for the elderly to suffer from vision diseases such as Glaucoma and Cataracts that can affect their peripheral vision, depth perception make it difficult for them to see in the bright lights. All this can impact their ability to judge the environment and the following preventive tips can assist them greatly- The screening of fall risks is an efficient method of identifying people with a great risk of falling. There are a number of fall-risk screening tools with an accuracy of high to intermediate. The St Thomas’ risk assessment tool in falling elderly inpatients (STRATIFY) gives an accuracy of intermediate to high in the classification of fall risk. It is recommended in the case of nursing homes. A stratify risk screen helps in calculating the risk scores. A score of 0 to 3 is assigned for ‘Transfer’ and also for ‘mobility’. A score of 3 is implies independence in the patient. The score is calculated from the state of the

The Fighter Starring Mark Walberg (Dec. 2010) Essay

The Fighter Starring Mark Walberg (Dec. 2010) - Essay Example The stories were subsequently inspiring and some based on even true life of people (Petrakis, 2011). The plot of The Fighter David O. Russell’s The Fighter is based on a real life story of an Irish boxer, Micky Ward, a welterweight out of hardscrabble Lowell, Massachusetts, who fought in the 1980’s and 90’s. This boxing movie focuses on how family pull becomes an obstacle for achieving success in the field of boxing. Micky’s role is played by established Hollywood star, Mark Walberg. (Ebert, 2011, pp.176,177) The dilemma is skillfully laid out in the first act. Micky leads his life in the shadow of his elder step brother Dicky (Christian bale). Dicky was previously a promising fighter, who achieved his peak in a fight against Sugar Ray Leonard, but has gone to seed and has picked up a serious crack habit along the way. (Demott, B, 2012, p-117) The character of Dicky is straight out of Eugene o’ Neil, a pipe dreamer who still talks about his glory da ys and continues to submerge in fantasies about making a comeback to the boxing arena. The delusion of Dicky is provoked further by his whacked-out family, especially his mother Alice (Melissa Leo). Alice clearly favors the spoilt Dicky over the quiet and more focused Micky. Micky’s professional boxing life is also influenced by his mother Alice, as she is her manager. Alice has a weird habit of getting Micky into fights in which he is overmatched by his opponents and gets a serious ‘beating’. This ‘beating’ not only emphasizes physically but also mentally. (Petrakis, 2011) The film focuses on how Micky’s life changes due to the event, and the influence of his lady love Charlene on his way to comeback in the boxing profession. The story inspires when Micky returns to the boxing ring, and attains his long time dream of being the champion (Couser, 2011, p.29). Influences of Micky’s family in his boxing career Micky’s boxing career was essentially influenced by his family. This was due to both the emotional aspects and also the direct involvement of Micky’s family member in his profession. Emotionally Micky was bonded with his step brother icky, as he idolized him as a boxer. Also deep down, a part of Micky was engaged in the feeling that the need of a family was essential. In the professional aspects, Micky’s mother Alice was his manager, and his step brother Dicky was his trainer. Being the integral part of Micky’s profession, both of them essentially influenced Micky’s boxing career (Turrisi, 2011). Negative influences of Micky’s family in his boxing career Micky’s biggest hurdle towards achieving success in his boxing career was his backlog due to his family. His mother Alice clearly favored his brother Dicky over the quiet and more focused Micky. As Micky’s manager, Alice had a weird habit of getting Micky into fights in which he is overmatched by his oppon ents and gets a serious ‘beating’. This ‘beating’ not only emphasizes physically but also mentally. Due to subsequent losses that Micky has to suffer due to her mother’s decisions; Micky’s confidence got affected severely. Micky’s role in the field of boxing became as that of a â€Å"stepping stone†, a sacrificial lamb, which the rising stars used to climb up in the ladder in the field of boxing. Although this was a role that Micky did not desire for, neither did he deserve the

Obesity and Responsibility Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Obesity and Responsibility - Lab Report Example Obesity is defined as weight at least 20% in excess of the range suggested in standard height weight tables or a body mass index greater than 27 (Martin 2005).. Every year, child obesity costs 100 million dollars to the government. Poor education and absence of equal opportunities is the main factors limited the equal distribution of economic and social resources. The responsibility of the government can be explained by the fact that it does not introduce strict rules and regulations to control fast food industry and advertising. Most researchers (Anderson et al 2003) parallel child obesity epidemics with economic problems and development and growth of fast food industry which became a distinctive feature of the life style. Fast food life style is dangerous because it results in disbalance of nutrition and causes eating disorders. All fast food contains high cholesterol level which is the primarily cause of obesity. Limited physical activity worsens the problems of obesity. Most fast food restaurants popularize and promote unhealthy eating behavior which leads to obesity problems. Most food proposed in such restaurants is fat saturated with high caloricity level. In spite of advertising efforts to promote health conscious menus or calorie free diet, hamburgers and fried potato are the most "dangerous" products sold by fast food. Social dimens ions are manifested in the ability of mass media to control the circulation of ideas about body image and fashion. The researchers state that: Fast food consumption is the other leading suspect in the childhood obesity epidemic. Fast food typically includes all of the things that nutritionists warn against: "saturated and trans fats, high glycemic index, high energy density, and increasingly, large portion size." They further note that a large fast food meal can contain about 2,200 calories, which at a burn rate of 85-100 calories per mile would require something near a full marathon to expend!" (Anderson et al 2003, p. 30). Thus, children's relation to McDonald's and other forms of popular culture is complex: it is not always oppressive; it is not always empowering. All phases of the relationship must be analyzed in their specificity and uniqueness. In the same manner every aspect of McDonald's does not signal a macro-social dynamic at work; on the other hand, however, many do. Researching the impact of McDonald's on children's attention to the testimonies and actions of specific child customers of McDonald's is certainly necessary, but it is not sufficient in the inquiry needed to tell this story. The government can be blamed for false advertising and lack of strict control over fast food industry. The main social institution responsible for ability problem is a family. Staveren and Dale (2004) underline that today many families have a possibility to buy and eat healthier fat free food in contrast to low-income families which are used to buy lower-price fat saturated food. That is why more blue collars suffer form obesity than white collars. In addition, families with high income usually visit more expensive bars and restaurants where they order fat free dishes, but the popular place for low income people is fast food restaurants. The effect of fast food on risk of obesity is tremendous. It was proved that fast-food habits have strong, positive, and independent associations with weight gain and insulin resistance in young

Selecting venuse for an academic conference Dissertation

Selecting venuse for an academic conference - Dissertation Example On the average these facilities range from three star, to five star facilities with regards to the kind and class of service provided (Van-der Wagen, 2006). The major distinctions of these facilities are mainly in line with their physical locations in relation to some of Central London’s attractions, airports, train stations, and other facilities that might attract the guests who attend the conference. Specific considerations that were factored in this selection process included the distance from major airports and train stations. This was important since the one-day event relied heavily on punctuality. Central London Famous Facilities Many conference facilities in Central London have suited their conference spaces with the architectural flexibility that allows both small and large conferences. Some of these facilities are complete with break out rooms, state of the art audio visual systems, and lecture theatres. The variations across many of these hotels and guest house are m ainly in form of style and incentives. The academic conference was tailored on a cost-effective system that would allow the guests to enjoy quality catering of simple but sumptuous buffets. In this process ten facilities were considered so that the best three facilities were arrived at after competitive bidding. The sampled facilities included The Cinnamon Club, The British Academy, The UK Supreme Court, the Grange Rochester Hotel, the 8 Northumberland, Royal Institute of British Architects, the Number 45 Millbank, the 116 Pallmall- Home of the Institute of Directors, the One Great George Street, and the Bafta. These facilities are situated close to some of the grand attractions such as the West Minster’s Abbey and other historical and aesthetical delights of Central London. The academic conference selection was arrived at through a delicate consideration system that sought a balance between the proximity of the heart of Central London versus the need for the most serene and quiet environment that would align well with the demands of an academic gathering. The most ideal location therefore was made in according with the distance away from the bustle of the city, low industrial noise, and the cacophony of heavy London traffic. After a general assessment was done three facilities out of the mentioned ten passed the threshold for utility and convenience because of some of their unique features and flexibility in their pricing regimes. These were The Cinnamon Club, The British Academy, and Central Hall Westminster. The Cinnamon Club The Cinnamon Club has an ambience suitable for academic conferencing. Its conference room is spacious and fitted with state of the art audio visual. The conference rooms are partitioned according to the specifics of utility. They are mainly in the form of executive, leisure, and academic. The executive sections are made up with the oak paneled facilities that vibrate with the rhythm of class and elegance. The furniture and sitti ng arrangement in the conference room are ordered in a classroom or theater fashion of rows and columns which gives the participants in the conference a comfortable view without any physical strains. The facility is a stunning architectural marvel situated on central London Avenue. Some of the cuisine it features includes the Indian cuisine,

The Suspense and Atmosphere in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example for Free

The Suspense and Atmosphere in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay According to the New Edition of the Concise Oxford Dictionary, Suspense is defined as being the following: Suspense- state of usu. anxious uncertainty or expectation or waiting for information. According to that same dictionary, the definition of Atmosphere is the following: Atmosphere- mental or moral environment esp. artistic or emotional; pervading tone or mood, esp. attractive one; air (in any place), esp. w. ref. to effects on those present. The definition of Setting according to the New Edition of the Concise Oxford Dictionary is: Setting- environment The story of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is set in Nineteenth Century London. Therefore the setting or environment was a largely Victorian one. This would involve the lack of any motorised vehicles and at night gas lamps would light the streets. London would have had a very defined poverty line, which meant large and noticeable differences between rich and poor. The buildings and streets would be very much in the style as shown below in this picture of Victorian London: The above picture of Tottenham Court Road, in the late nineteenth century, illustrates very well what the average London street would have looked like at the time of the story. It displays images of a busy, bustling thoroughfare with horses and carts sweeping across it, an image typical of the era. In the story, Mr Hydes residence is said to be in Londons Soho. At that time, this particular area of the city had a very bad reputation for prostitutes, criminals and other undesirables. This is a reflection of the way the reader is encouraged to view Mr Hyde, who himself was an undesirable. It is also representative of the attitude towards what was commonly perceived as an underclass. Dr Jekyll on the other hand, was a cultured, professional gentleman, and lived in a respectable part of town. It was therefore frowned upon by polite society when he was found to be associating with a ruffian such as Mr Hyde. It was seen as being a very unusual act for someone of the Doctors social standing, to mix with an individual who lived in Londons Soho. The setting of parts of the story in Soho, the underbelly of Victorian London, with its seedy appearance, attractiveness to criminals and home to the disadvantaged, contributes to the generally uneasy atmosphere pervading the story. For example, on pages four and five, Mr Enfield, a lawyer and friend of Jekylls, is walking down a prosperous market street. It is pleasant and charming, yet just around the corner, the setting changes, and this has an immediate effect on the atmosphere. Two doors from one corner, on the left hand going east, the line was broken by the entry of a court; and just at that point, a certain sinister block of building thrust forward its gable on the street. It was two storeys high; showed no window, nothing but a door on the lower storey and a blind forehead of discoloured wall on the upper; and bore in every feature the marks of prolonged and sordid negligence. The door, which was equipped with neither bell nor knocker, was blistered and distained. Tramps slouched into the recess and struck matches on the panels; children kept shop upon the steps; the schoolboy had tried his knife on the mouldings; and for close on a generation no one had appeared to drive away these random visitors or to repair their ravages. The quote I have chosen, illustrates how the setting in which the author chooses to place the action, can affect the readers interpretation of the mood of the moment. After reading that passage the atmosphere is immediately intimidating, a feeling reinforced by the thrust of the gable of the building. The latter takes on the characteristics of a face, personifying its owner with subtle references to human physiology and disfiguration e.g. a (blind) forehead, scars and blisters as can be found on skin, and the door representing a mouth. The tramps and the children are like parasites which are found on unclean bodies and the lack of windows suggests that not only are passers-by prevented from looking inside, but that the occupant of the building cannot or does not want to see out. These are all strong visual images, deliberately intended by the author, to create an impression in the readers mind. In this way, a setting can be used when a writer wants to influence his audience into thinking about a character, event, or location in a certain way. The weather also plays an important part in the setting of an event. It can be used by the writer to evoke different emotions in the reader: fear, excitement, happiness, unhappiness, suspicion, romance or even relief. These are all essential elements to create suspense or atmosphere within a story or dialogue. A good example of this can be found on page fifty-three: It was a wild, cold, seasonable night of March, with a pale moon, lying on her back as though the wind had tilted her, and a flying wrack of the most diaphanous and lawny texture. The wind made talking difficult and flecked blood into the face. It seemed to have swept the streets unusually bare of passengers. In this case, the weather is a key element of the setting, in particular the wind. The author has used it to emphasise the feeling of being swept brutally along by a powerful force beyond our control. Even the moon itself appears to have tilted and changed its appearance, with the cutting wind inflicting pain on the few pedestrians brave enough to venture abroad. His deliberate use of the word passengers reinforces the feeling for the reader that they too are on a journey travelling into the unknown, where evil and danger lurk. The reader is now filled with foreboding and slight uneasiness due to the unpredictability (like the weather itself) of what might happen next On page fifty-four, there is another good example of how weather can play a large and important part in the setting of a story, helping to develop a particular atmosphere. The square, when they got there, was all full of wind and dust, and the thin trees in the garden were lashing themselves along the railing. The reference to the weather is vital to the image of the scene. Suffocating dust pollutes the air and the railings are cage-like, preventing escape. The thin, malnourished trees give the impression that they are punishing themselves, whilst at the same time seeking refuge against the elements. This is indicative of the physical and psychological condition of Dr. Jekyll himself at this point in the story. A third example of the impact that the weather has on the atmosphere, occurs on pages forty-nine to fifty, when Mr Utterson is on his way to meet Dr Jekyll: The court was very cool and a little damp, and full of premature twilight, although the sky, high up overhead, was still bright with sunset. This reference to the weather symbolises the split personality of Dr Jekyll. The struggle between the light above and the darkness below, represents the conflict between good and evil. This presents a rather disturbing, image reinforcing our assumption that darkness is likely to prevail. The sinister aspect of this being, that darkness is the absence of light, and goodness. All through the story we have the impression that something is not quite right. This is reinforced by way of constant references to the weather. There is always something strange and unsettling about it. This is a recurring theme throughout. The examples above, illustrate how weather as a part of the setting can build up the suspense and atmosphere of a scene, a dialogue or the tensions affecting an individual character. The writer assumes (successfully) that his use of particular imagery and metaphor will induce certain reactions in his readers e.g. red for danger, darkness for impending doom etc. He does this to almost manipulate the reader into thinking about events or people in a way that enables him to build up the atmosphere and suspense within the story. Another example of this can be found on page thirty-two, when Mr Utterson is walking across the streets of Soho: The dismal quarter of Soho seen under the changing glimpses, with its muddy ways, and slatternly passengers, and its lamps, which had never been extinguished or had been kindled afresh to combat this mournful re-invasion of darkness, seemed, in the Lawyers eyes, like a district of some city in a nightmare. The writer cleverly describes the streets of Soho so that the reader immediately feels a sense of disapproval for not only the neglected appearance of the place but also its unkempt inhabitants (including the infamous Mr Hyde). His use of the word mournful to describe nightfall evokes an unpleasant feeling that bad things may happen under the cover of darkness. Not only Mr Utterson experiences the nightmare scenario but the reader too can identify with his need to escape and awake from danger. However, Robert Louis Stevenson does not always use the setting to create an unpleasant atmosphere. For instance on page one hundred and three, when describing a moment of clarity for Dr Jekyll, he uses it to create a somewhat uplifting atmosphere. I was stepping leisurely across the court after breakfast, drinking the chill of the air with pleasure, When using the word chill the writer evokes a feeling of clarity within the reader, a clarity that Dr Jekyll himself is momentarily experiencing. This creates, if but shortly, an atmosphere of hope and some relief. It represents a sort of snap back to reality for the reader as well as Dr Jekyll. Mostly I have discussed how the setting has affected the atmosphere within the story, in order to evoke specific emotions within the reader. Suspense however is an emotion within itself and I will now look at how the setting directly affects the suspense in the story. This can be found at many points within the book, as it is a very exciting and captivating story. On page fifty-six for instance when Poole knocks on the cabinet door to inform Dr Jekyll that Mr Utterson wishes to speak to him. The Author talks about, the red baize of the cabinet door. Red is a classically forbidding colour. It is a psychological message to the reader, implying that whatever or whomever is in there, does not want to be seen or disturbed. Red can also be a colour that is associated with the Devil. Coincidentally, the cabinet (for Dr Jekyll and those that know him) is also associated with evil, as this is the place where he retires to whenever strange things start happening. This all helps to create suspense, and the reader wonders what awful things are behind that door, and what it is hiding? The use of these kinds of allegories build up tension and adds some mystery to the story, thus making the reader want to continue in order to find out what happens. All these elements, the weather, the buildings, the colours and the people, play a vital part in the setting of a scene or event. The examples that I have given, demonstrate that all of these factors can play a role in creating the atmosphere and suspense within a story. Certain word combinations can cause the reader to experience many different emotions. Therefore by using these word combinations, the writer can encourage the reader to think what he or she wants them to think. In this way atmosphere and suspense are intentionally created through the setting, to suit what the writer wants the reader to think. In the story of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, these methods have proved to be essential to developing the storyline. Therefore I can successfully conclude that the setting in the story of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde contributes to the atmosphere and suspense in a major and very effective way.

Napoleon despot Essay Example for Free

Napoleon despot Essay â€Å"Napoleon I is sometimes called the greatest enlightened despot. Evaluate this assessment in terms of Napoleon I’s policies and accomplishments. Be sure to include a definition of enlightened despotism in your answer.†(1981 #4) â€Å"Napoleon was a child of the Enlightenment.† Assess the validity of the statement. Use examples referring to specific aspects of the enlightenment and to Napoleon’s policies and attitudes (1992#5) I. Intro Napoleon I (Napoleon Bonaparte), sometimes considered the greatest enlightened despot, was the first modern political figure to use the rhetoric of revolution and nationalism, to back it with military force, and to combine those elements into a mighty weapon of imperial expansion in the service of his own power. As an enlightened despot, or ruler with absolute, unlimited power, but following ideas of the enlightenment, such as rationality, religious toleration, and freedoms, Napoleon made several changes to the government of France. Through the changes he made and reforms based on the enlightenment, he ruled, absolutely, as an enlightened despot, becoming the first, and greatest in history. Coming into power on the wings of the Revolution, he established himself as the First Consul. His policies included the Constitution of the Year VIII, making peace domestically and in foreign affairs, agreeing to a concordat with the Roman Catholic Church, and establishing a dynasty, and accomplished abolishment of the Old Regime, nationalism and loyalty of the nation to him, and unification of the lands he gained and controlled under the Napoleonic code. II. Policies Constitution of the Year VIII 1. Suggested democratic principles, appealed to republican theory and a Council of State, and established the rule of one man, the First Consul, Bonaparte. 2. Under the Consulate, the revolution ended in France. By then, the Third Estate had achieved most of their goals, the peasants had gained they wanted and destroyed the old feudal privileges, and Bonaparte gave them security. 3. This marked the beginning of his rule as despot, and the destruction of the old feudal privileges was the start of his enlightened policies, that were inspired by the political and social reformers who called for change, and new forms of government in France. Making peace 1. In foreign affairs, he made peace with France’s enemies, which justified the public’s confidence in him. Russia had already left the Second Coalition. A campaign in Italy brought another   victory over Austria at Marengo in 1800. The Treaty of Luneville early in 1801 took Austria out of the war. Britain was now alone, and in 1802, concluded the Treaty of Amiens, which brought peace to Europe. 2. Bonaparte used generosity, flattery, and bribery to win over enemies at home. He required only loyalty of the offices of royal legislature. 3. Through these methods, he rose in power. The peace was a very enlightened policy, because Voltaire, a major enlightened thinker had advocated peace. 4. He established a highly centralized administration in which prefects responsible to the government in Paris managed all departments, employed secret police, and stamped out the   royalist rebellion in the west, and made the rule of Paris effective in Brittany and the Vendee for the first time in years. 5. Napoleon used and invented opportunities to destroy his enemies. When a plot on his life surfaced in 1804, he used it   as an excuse to attack the Jacobins, though it was   the work of royalists. In 1804, he violated the sovereignty of the German   state of Baden to seize the Bourbon duke of   Enghien, who was accused of participation in a   royalist plot and shot the duke of Enghien, even   though Bonaparte knew him to be innocent. Concordat with the Roman Catholic Church 1. Napoleon made an agreement with Pope Pius VII. The settlement required both the refractory clergy and those who had accepted the revolution to resign, but in return, the church gave up its claims on its confiscated property. 2. The clergy had to swear an oath of loyalty to the state. The Organic Articles of 1802. Similar laws applied to Protestants and Jews, reducing further the privileged position of the Catholic Church. 3. The Concordat declared, â€Å"Catholicism is the religion of the great majority of French citizens.† This fell far short of what the pope had wanted: religious dominance. 4. Control of religion advocated enlightened thinkers’ ideas, because many thought of religion as irrational, and the cause of fanaticism, which was against the morals and teachings of the rational thinking enlightened thinkers advocated. The Napoleonic Code 1. In 1802, he was ratified as consul for life, and granted full power. He thereafter passed the Civil Code of 1804, usually known as the Napoleonic Code. 2. It safeguarded all forms of property and tried to secure French society against internal changes. 3. Conservative attitudes toward labor and women during the revolution received full support. Workers had fewer rights than employers, and Men had much control over children and wives. 4. Primogeniture (passing of inheritance to only the first, usually male, child) remained abolished, and property was distributed among all children, males and females. However, married  women could dispose of their property only with the consent of their husbands. 5. Divorce remained more difficult for women than men. 6. Before, French law had differed from region to region, but the confusion was ended by the Napoleonic Code. 7. The Napoleonic code ended the old regime, which was the main goal of enlightened thinkers, who wanted social change, and political reform. With the end of the Old Regime, both the social and political establishments were revolutionized.   Establishing a Dynasty 1. In 1804, he seized on a bomb attack on his life to make himself emperor, arguing that it would secure the new regime and make further attempts on his life useless. 2. Became Emperor, and called Napoleon I. 3. The establishment of a dynasty went against all of the revolutionary, liberal thoughts of the enlightened thinkers, and was paradoxical to France’s original plan of a democratic state, because this was equivalent to the establishment of a monarch, which they had just fought to remove. III. Accomplishments Napoleon ended the Old Regime and feudal trappings throughout Western Europe after conquering most of Europe. He forced the eastern European states to reorganize to resist his armies. 1. Wherever Napoleon ruled, the Napoleonic Code was imposed, and hereditary social distinctions abolished. Feudal privileges disappeared, and the peasants were freed from serfdom and manorial dues. In towns, guilds and local oligarchies that had been dominant for centuries were dissolved or deprived of their power. ï‚ § The established churches lost their traditional independence and were made subordinate to the state. Church monopoly of religion was replaced by general toleration. ï‚ § His army, from the revolution, was immensely loyal to the nation and him. ï‚ § He could conscript citizen soldiers in unprecedented numbers. No single enemy could match his resources. ï‚ § He made his ruling dominions uniform. Wherever he ruled, the Napoleonic Code was imposed. ï‚ § Never before had there been a unified German state. And not since the Roman Empire had any state been able to conquer and control a territory this large. ï‚ § Napoleon spreads the idea of nationalism. After Napoleon humiliated Prussia at Jena in 1806, German intellectuals began to urge resistance to Napoleon on the basis of German nationalism. The French conquest endangered the independence and achievements of all German-speaking people. Many saw France as an example of greatness attained by enlisting the active support of the entire people in the patriotic cause. Several reforms were made by the rulers of the surrounding conquered countries in order to stand up to Napoleon’s strength. ï‚ § These reforms spread enlightened ideas everywhere, outward from Napoleon, and into the rest of Europe. His rule inspired toleration, rationalism, and nationalism, and was the start of the modern European political and social era. As such a great influence, he is one of the greatest enlightened despots in history. IV. Conclusion Napoleon I rose to become an enlightened despot. As one, he implemented social, religious, and political reforms and policies that resulted in the accomplishment of abolishing the old regime, national loyalty to the state and its leader, and the imposition of the Napoleonic Code. He successfully made France dominant as a European power, and glorified himself and his nation. Through his rise and rule, he was able to implement absolute rule, rising far enough to become emperor of France, virtually unchallenged. As such, he made reforms inspired by the enlightenment, and ruled as despot of France, making changes to society, inspired by progressivity and rationality of the Enlightenment. Bibliography Kagan, Donald. The Western Heritage. 8th ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2004. 668-76. Print. Coffin, Judith G. Western Civilizations. Fourteenth Edition. Volume 2. New York,NY: W. W. Norton Company, Inc., 2002. 710-720. Print. Napoleon Bonaparte 1769-1821. Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French King of Italy. 2007. Solar Navigator, Web. 15 Dec 2009. http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/napoleon_bonaparte.htm.